BANANA TISSUE CULTURE

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Tissue culturing 

Is a biotechnology process that involve micropropagation in laboratory that use  plant material such as seeds tissue organs or suckers or explant in a chemical growing media.

Stages of tissue culture 🧫

1)Identification of tissue explant from the field
2)Initiation /innoculation.
3) Multiplication - Division of plant tissue in growing media.
4) Rooting stage This is where the plant begging to form roots ie.rooting hormone Indole Acetic Acid  (IAA ) ,Indole Puteric Acid(IPA) Naphthalene Ascetic Acid (NAA)
5) Hardening-It takes place in the green house where we use sterilized soil ,sand, organic fertilizer

Advantages of banana tissue culture

1)It is first and effective.
2)It is free from pest and disease.
3)You can grow plants through out the year regardless of weather/season.
4)It requires minimum space.
5)It is easy to produce new varieties and introduce to market at higher speed.
6) Tissue culture bananas mature between 9to         12 months.
7) Easy transportation

Disadvantages 

*It require skills
*It is expensive

Varieties of banana tissue culture

1) Cooking varieties-Nusu ngombe, ngombe kisigome ,kisimatote
2) Ripening varieties-Grand nine, Chinese dwarf,valery Giant cavendi, William,plantain

FHIA 17,FHIA24 -Both ripening and cooking.

Sourcing/Identification of banana suckers from the field

1) Identify the variety of banana for innoculation.
2) Identify the mother plant free from disease .
3) Identify suckers below 1m/3feet.
4) Identify the explant which have sword like            leaves/stem.
5)Extract banana from mother plant.
6)Cut off the identified suckers using a clear             panga.
7)Reduce the sucker about 18cm
8)Use clean water in the bucket to transport water to the laboratory.

Sterilization

-Wash your explant using running water .
-Take the suckers to lamina flow cabinet for culturing.
-Tream your suckers to about 8cm and place them in a sterilized container.
-Add 70% of ethanol for 5min
-Add 70% of hypochloride.
 Add few drops of tween 29 for 30min
Rinse the suckers with distilled water

How to inoculated

Use sterilized pair of forceps/scarpel to remove the outer part which was in touch with reagents
-Carefully remove the other layer of sucker to obtain a required size of 4cm.
-Introduce your sucker into prepared media
-cover it carefully and transfer it into growth chamber.

Hardening off

It takes place in the green house where explant are being removed from the jar.
Components of banana tissue culture media
-Nutrients basically: macro-nutrients, hormones, sugar, gelly




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